Cultivation techniques of garlic in autumn
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Views：16 Time of publication：2020-09-20
1、 Garlic soil preparation and fertilization
Garlic is a string fibrous root; its water absorption and fertilizer capacity is weak, and its bulb grows and expands in the soil. Therefore, garlic should be cultivated in the land with loose soil, good drainage and rich organic matter.
The plot for garlic cultivation should be ploughed and sunken immediately after the previous crop harvest, and the soil should be prepared for border before sowing. The base fertilizer should be applied before ploughing. Generally, 5000-8000 kg of high-quality organic manure, such as manure and manure, and 20-30 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied per mu. Organic fertilizer should be fully decomposed. If raw fertilizer is used, garlic root will be burned during fermentation, and underground insect pests, especially ground maggots, will be caused. The width of the border is 1.5-2 meters, and it is better to extend it from east to west.
2、 Sowing
1. Timely sowing is usually carried out in the middle and late September to make the plant grow to 5-6 leaves before overwintering. At this time, the plant has the strongest cold resistance, and will not be frozen to death in the severe cold winter, and lay a good foundation for the plant to pass the vernalization smoothly.
2. Reasonable close planting is the basis of increasing production. According to the characteristics of the varieties, close planting should be done to make more plants per mu. For early maturing varieties, it is better to plant about 50000 plants per mu. The row spacing is 14-17cm, the plant spacing is 7-8cm, and the seed per mu is 150-200kg. The density of middle late maturing varieties should be controlled at 40 000 plants per mu, with row spacing of 16-18 cm, plant spacing of 10 cm, and 150 kg of seed per mu.
3. Sowing method. The suitable sowing depth of garlic is 3-4 cm. There are two sowing methods for garlic: one is planting, covering the soil after sowing, and the other is sowing by ditching. After a ditch is opened, the soil opened at the same time is covered on the previous row of seed petals. After sowing, the thickness of covering soil is about 2 cm, and the soil is lightly compacted with feet and watered with water.
3、 Field management
1. Top dressing garlic generally 3-4 times, divided into:
Promote seedling fertilizer: after garlic seedlings, apply 1 light human manure and urine to raise seedlings, avoid applying ammonium bicarbonate to prevent burning seedlings.
Shengchang fertilizer: 60-80 days after sowing, once again apply decomposed human and animal manure plus chemical fertilizer, 20-30 tons per mu, 10 kg ammonium sulfate, 5 kg potassium sulfate or potassium chloride.
Fertilization: 10-15kg of available potassium and nitrogen fertilizer (compound fertilizer is better) should be applied again at this stage.
Garlic expanding fertilizer: for early maturing and early middle maturing varieties, quick acting nitrogen and potassium fertilizer should be applied before garlic bolt harvest. Due to the late bolting of middle and late maturing varieties, garlic is usually harvested about 20-25 days after bolting, which can avoid Topdressing and expanding fertilizer.
2. Water management
Seedling stage: generally, one week sowing is the whole seedling. If the field soil is dry, water can be irrigated once to promote seedling growth.
Early seedling stage: seedling stage is the key period of garlic vegetative organ differentiation and formation. Irrigation should be controlled and drainage should be paid attention to after autumn rain.
In the middle and later stage of seedling: the seedling should be irrigated once at this stage, and the seedlings should be irrigated in time to promote the growth of garlic leaves and the thickening of false stems.
Bolting stage: this stage is the period of the largest amount of fertilizer and water, and the bolting water should be timely watered after the application of fertilizer. Continuous watering should be carried out after "the tail is in place" and the seedlings should be promoted with water until 2 to 3 days before bolting, so as to facilitate storage and transportation.
Garlic expansion stage: water the garlic bolt immediately after harvest to promote the rapid expansion and weight gain of garlic. Before harvesting garlic. 5 days to stop watering, control growth, promote leaf assimilate to accelerate the transfer of garlic.
3. Weeding by intertillage. Herbicides can be sprayed from sowing to emergence. Prometryne: it is effective to control and control the Malacca, Grifola, Polygonum, Setaria, etc. 50% prometryne was used 100-150 g per mu. Simazine and atrazine: 120-240 g / mu. Herbicide: 35-68 g / mu.
For the garlic field dominated by Monaco grass, 120~150 grams per mile and 5~7 kg (30~50 kg) before planting were diluted at night. In the garlic field dominated by dicotyledonous broadleaf grass, 25% caclor 120~150 ml per mu was added to water for 40~60 days, 7~10 days after seeding (before emergence), and then spray at night. During the growth period of garlic seedling, when the weeds just sprout, the weeding should be carried out at the same time, and the weeds that are difficult to be cultivated among plants should be removed as soon as possible, so as to avoid competing with garlic seedlings for fertilizer.
4、 Harvesting
1. Harvest garlic stalk. When harvesting garlic moss, take out the leaf sheath with garlic moss and start to swing and bend. It's better to do it at noon or in the afternoon on a sunny day. 2. Stop the garlic. Garlic can be harvested 15-20 days (mostly 18 days) after harvest. The signs of garlic harvest in the suitable period are: most of the leaves are dry, the upper leaves turn gray green, the tip of the leaves is dry and drooping, the pseudostem is in a soft state, and the garlic is basically growing up. If the garlic is collected too late, the garlic is tender and watery, the tissue is not full, and it is easy to shrivel after storage; if the collection is too late, the garlic head is easy to loose, and the garlic petals are easy to scatter when the garlic is pulled out, so the commodity value is lost. When collecting garlic, dig the hard ground with a shovel, and pull it out directly by hand on the soft ground. After the garlic is picked up and transported to the field, the garlic leaves of the last row are placed on the head of the first row. Only the seedlings are dried, not the head, so as to prevent the garlic from burning or turning green. After 2-3 days of frequent turning, the stems and leaves can be stored after drying.
