How to grow melon and fruit vegetables?
From：null
Views：17 Time of publication：2020-09-20
Fruits and vegetables mainly refer to cucumber, gourd, luffa and balsam pear.
1、 Species selection
In fruits and melons, cucumbers can be cultured in advance of spring and later in autumn, bottle gourd is generally cultivated in advance in spring, while luffa and balsam pear are cultivated in advance in spring and over summer. We should select the corresponding species according to different cultivation modes. For example, for cucumber, Xianghuang No.3, Jinyou No.10 and No.20 can be used for early spring cultivation, while Jinchun No.4 and Jinyou No.4 are used for autumn cultivation or delayed cultivation; Xianning Changhu is used for bottle gourd; Zaoza No.1 and No.2 meat luffa and Hengyang 406 Luffa are used for Luffa; and blue mountain hemp seed balsam pear is used for balsam pear.
2、 Seed disinfection
Before cultivation, warm soup disinfection or medicament disinfection should be used to disinfect the seeds, so as to kill or reduce the bacteria attached to the surface of the seeds and embedded in the seeds, and reduce the seed borne diseases. Such as warm soup disinfection: put the seeds in 55-60 ℃ warm water for 15 minutes, and constantly mix, so that the seeds are evenly heated. However, the seeds should be pre soaked in normal temperature water for 15 minutes before disinfection, so as to activate the attached bacteria and achieve the ideal sterilization effect.
3、 Farming in time
The cultivation time should be confirmed according to the cultivation method. If the spring is cultivated ahead of time, it can be sown as early as possible if it is covered with small arched shed and plastic film. Generally, cucumbers germinate in the first ten days of January; Luffa, balsam pear in the first ten days of January. Autumn cucumbers are cultivated in July.
4、 Implement rotation
Continuous cropping of vegetables should not be allowed and rotation should be advocated. Melon and fruit vegetables should be rotated for more than 2 years.
5、 Preparation before planting
(1) After the harvest of the previous crop, deep ploughing should be carried out in time, and the soil should be frozen in winter or roasted at high temperature in summer to reduce soil borne diseases.
(2) Select deep ditch, narrow chamber, high ridge culture, so that the rainwater can be discharged in time to prevent ponding. Generally, the depth of the groove is 30 cm and the width is 80 cm. Reasonable close planting, maintain good ventilation and light transmission conditions.
(3) Heavy application of base fertilizer: more organic fertilizer should be applied to the base fertilizer. 4000 kg manure and 50 kg compound fertilizer were applied per mu. Human and animal manure must be fully decomposed before use.
(4) Covering plastic film: it is recommended to cover plastic film to reduce the occurrence of diseases.
6、 Management after planting
(1) After sprouting, the vine should be hung and tied in time.
(2) Timely remove the dead branches and leaves, diseased plants and leaves, and take them out of the garden, gather and destroy them.
(3) If the plastic film is not covered, it should be cultivated and weeded.
(4) Timely topdressing: melon vegetables have strong continuous fruit production ability and high output value, so timely topdressing should be carried out according to the growth trend. Fertilizer should be applied once every harvest, and compound fertilizer should be the main topdressing. In the middle and late stage, P and K fertilizer was applied, and 0.2-0.3% KH2PO4 was applied to the leaves. In the full fruit period, water frequently, but clean water should be used, and sewage should not be used for irrigation.
(5) When pruning and pinching: when the main vine leaves are 6-7 leaves, the bottle gourd will pick the heart to promote the growth of the side vine; after the fruit of the side vine, keep 1 fruit and keep 2-3 leaves to pick the heart. Remove the side vines below 1.5 meters.
7、 Pest control
The main diseases of melon vegetables are downy mildew, Phytophthora blight, anthracnose and virus disease. Virus A, virus K and other pesticides were sprayed at the initial stage of the disease, once every 7-10 days. After the central diseased plant was found, the Fusarium wilt was immediately removed, lime was sprinkled in the acupoint for disinfection, and carbendazim, thiophanate methyl and oxamethoxam were used to irrigate the roots. Downy mildew, Phytophthora blight, anthracnose and so on are controlled by chlorothalonil, daphnetin, keshade and carbendazim.
The main pests of melon vegetables are aphids, Liriomyza maculatus, huangshougua and heishou melon, which are controlled by insecticides such as fenac, cyhalothrin and Emamectin.
8、 Harvesting and cleaning
When the harvest cleaning after the market. Pick the root melon early. Do not use sewage for cleaning.
